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Experts Urge Increased Education About Diabetes During Pregnancy
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Diabetes Association next month plan to launch a joint campaign designed to raise awareness about pregnancy-related risks from diabetes, USA Today reports. An increasing number of women are either beginning pregnancies with existing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes -- known as pre-gestational diabetes -- or developing gestational diabetes, according to Sue Kirkman, vice president of clinical affairs for ADA. Kirkman said that diabetes increases the risk for miscarriage, delivery complications, maternal health problems and birth defects. However, these risks can be reduced through preconception counseling, controlling blood sugar and maintaining a healthy weight, she said. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, almost five of every 1,000 women ages 18 to 44 have diabetes. The majority of these women have Type 2 diabetes, which is linked to obesity, USA Today reports. Denise Charron-Prochownik, an associate professor of health promotion at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center School of Nursing and Graduate School of Public Health, said that pre-conception education for women with existing diabetes should begin as early as age 13 but that "it"s not happening."Helain Landy, chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Georgetown University Hospital, said that gestational diabetes occurs in about 4% of pregnant women. Landy said, "From an epidemiological standpoint, that is a lot." Florence Brown, co-director of the Joslin Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center"s Diabetes and Pregnancy Program, said that many women with gestational diabetes are unaware that they are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease later in life and have children who develop diabetes (Brophy Marcus, USA Today, 7/6).
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Mapping HIV's March Around Europe
Those travelling abroad should take seriously advice to pack their condoms and keep their needles to themselves: research published today in the open access journal Retrovirology shows that tourists, travellers and migrants from Greece, Portugal, Serbia and Spain actively export HIV-1 subtype B to other European nations.
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FDA Accepts Final Section Of NDA Filing For LUCASSIN(R)
Orphan Therapeutics, LLC and Ikaria Holdings, Inc. announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted the final section of the New Drug Application (NDA) filing seeking marketing approval for LUCASSIN(R) (terlipressin for injection) for the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) Type 1. The filing was completed on May 4, 2009, and LUCASSIN has been granted Priority Review as well as Orphan Drug status and Fast Track designation.
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REM Sleep Helps Solve Problems

Grabbing a quick nap may not only be refreshing but may also increase your ability to solve problems creatively, according to US researchers who suggest that REM (rapid eye movement) sleep directly enhances creative processes more than any other sleep or wakeful state. The study was the work of a leading expert on the positive effects of napping, Dr Sara Mednick, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of California San Diego and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, and colleagues, and is published online in the 8th June issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The researchers said their findings are important because they show that sleep, and REM sleep in particular, helps the brain to form "associative networks". Mednick said: "For creative problems that you"ve already been working on -- the passage of time is enough to find solutions." "However," she added, "for new problems, only REM sleep enhances creativity." The researchers discovered that it looks as if REM sleep stimulates associative networks helping the brain to make new and useful connections between unrelated ideas, the key to creativity. Previous studies have shown that sleep enhances problem solving, but they have not properly explored the effect of types of sleep, such as that with and without REM. Also scientists don"t really know whether creative thinking improves after sleep because of the effect of the sleep itself or because going to sleep removes distractions and interference that can disrupt the consolidation of memory; so this study included a comparison group that did not sleep but just had quiet rest. Mednick and colleagues used a creativity task called Remote Associates Test (RAT) where participants were shown groups of three words (for example "cookie", "heart", "sixteen") and asked to find a fourth word that linked them all together (eg the word "sweet" in the example). The participants did the test in the morning and then again in the afternoon after they had either had a nap with REM sleep, a nap without REM sleep, or spent some quiet time resting with no verbal inputs. The results showed that the three groups performed the same on memory tests, but although the quiet rest and non-REM nap group had the same exposure to the task, their performance on the RAT test was the same in the morning and the afternoon. But what was striking was that the nap with REM group improved their performance by 40 per cent in the afternoon compared to the morning. "Compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM enhanced the formation of associative networks and the integration of unassociated information," wrote the authors. They suggested that REM sleep causes changes in the levels of neurotransmitters, or more specifically "changes in cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulation" in the brain and this makes new linkages between previously unlinked networks which enhances "the integration of unassociated information for creative problem solving". "REM, not incubation, improves creativity by priming associative networks." Denise J Cai, Sarnoff A Mednick, Elizabeth M Harrison, Jennifer C Kanady, and Sara C Mednick PNAS published online before print June 8, 2009 doi:10.1073/pnas.0900271106 s: American Diabetes Association, WebMD, National Diabetes Information Clearing House (NDIC). Written by: Catharine Paddock, PhD Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today


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