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Dystonia: Abnormal Brain Circuits May Prevent Movement Disorder
Specific changes in brain pathways may counteract genetic mutations for the movement disorder dystonia, according to new research in the August 5 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience. Few people who inherit dystonia genes display symptoms - namely sustained muscle contractions and involuntary gestures - and the study provides a possible explanation. This result could lead to new treatments for the estimated 500,000 North Americans diagnosed with dystonia.
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Obama's Embryonic Stem Cell Proposal Goes 'Only Halfway' To Improving Research, Columnist Says
The Obama administration"s draft guidelines outlining criteria for federal funding of stem cell research "go only halfway toward freeing embryonic stem cell research" because "[s]ome of the most promising investigations will still be denied federal funding," syndicated columnist Froma Harrop writes in a Providence Journal opinion piece. Harrop writes that although "the public supports the research by more than two to one," there is "a vocal minority opposed to this work because it requires the destruction of embryos." According to Harrop, although Obama allowed research on embryos willingly donated by fertility clinic patients and lifted former President George W. Bush"s restrictions limiting federal funding to research on 21 existing stem cell lines, he "wouldn"t budge on the prohibition against funding research that allows for the creation of embryos out of human cells," known as therapeutic cloning. She notes that "therapeutic cloning has little to do with human cloning, which is about making new people and is illegal most everywhere. But say that cloning is being used in research, and many folks think they"re going to have a clone as a neighbor in a few years."Harrop continues, "[B]y allowing the use of embryos from fertility clinics and not those created by researchers, the administration lends credence to the view that embryos are full human beings." However, the "only difference between embryos in fertility clinics and the ones cloned for research is the motive of the people who created them." She concludes, "Obama"s timidity in rewriting the guidelines has slowed down important research and produced more confusion. And for Americans praying for cures from this science, the choice seems rather clear" (Harrop, Providence Journal, 5/28).
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Cell Communication Following DNA Damage Has Implications In Aging And Cancer
When cells experiencing DNA damage fail to repair themselves, they send a signal to their neighbors letting them know they"re in trouble. The discovery, which shows that a process dubbed the DDR (DNA Damage Response) also controls communication from cell to cell, has implications for both cancer and aging. The findings appear in the July 13 online edition of the Nature Cell Biology.
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Simulating The Pandemic Disease Airport Screening System

Four major US national laboratories have worked together to develop a computer model to help airport authorities screen passengers for pandemic influenza. The tool can help estimate false negatives, people with influenza who slip through the screening process, and so assess the risk of infected passengers unknowingly spreading disease across the nation. Robert Brigantic, and colleagues at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, in Richland, Washington, and teams at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, report details of their simulations in the current issue of the International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management. When there is a confirmed human outbreak of a pandemic influenza virus overseas, the US National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza calls for screening of passengers scheduled to fly into the US at international airports, en route screening and arrival screening at US ports-of-entry. However, the efficacy of screening procedures is not known and so Brigantic and colleagues have built a computer model, a simulation of US airport entry screening that combines epidemiology with knowledge about evolving disease states and conditions of passengers over time. They have tested their simulation under different pandemic scenarios and carried out an analysis of the impact of alternative mitigative, diagnostic and quarantine measures that can be used. Their results could help decision makers plan for the res needed at the port-of-entry airports, anticipate possible developments during a pandemic, and devise appropriate courses of action to prevent the spread of disease through the US. "The simulation work is easily adaptable to model other types of outbreaks, to include non-influenza virus type outbreaks or disease spread," says Brigantic. The researchers conclude that there are several key factors that could reduce the risk of a pandemic influenza spreading widely in the US. First, if possible passengers should be screened before they board a plane bound for the US. Second, passengers presenting symptoms on arrival should be tested for the pandemic influenza virus and potential quarantine. The authorities should be aware that passengers may infect each other before and during their flight and that any screening program is likely to increase delays and queues. Finally, the team suggests that advances are now needed in diagnostics for infection to automate and speed up confirmation. Robert Brigantic Inderscience Publishers


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